Hyperbaric oxygen therapy activates CREB/BDNF signaling pathway to reduce synaptic damage in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer disease mice

AIM To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on synaptic damage of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 transgenic (TG) mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS The 6-month-old male APP/PS1 TG mice were randomly divided into TG group, HBO group and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor H89 group, with 10 mice in each group. Ten male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice of the same age were used as negative control group (WT group). The mice in HBO and H89 groups were treated with HBO for 6 cycles, while the mice in WT group and TG group were not treated. The learning and memory abilities were observed by Morris water maze. The nesting ability of the mice was detected by nesting test. The Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons were observed by Nissl staining. The mRNA expression of CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus was detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of synapsin (SYN), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), CREB, phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and BDNF in the hippocampus were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with WT group, the learning and memory abilities of the mice in TG group were signilficantly reduced (P<0.05). In addition, the nesting score, the number of Nissl bodies in the hippocampal neurons, the mRNA expression of CREB and BDNF, and the protein levels of SYN, PSD95, GAP43, p-CREB and BDNF were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with TG group, the learning and memory abilities of the mice in HBO group were improved (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the nesting scores of the mice were significantly increased (P<0.05), the neurons in the hippocampus were arranged neatly, and the number of Nissl bodies, the relative mRNA expression of CREB and BDNF,and the protein levels of SYN, PSD95, GAP43, p-CREB and BDNF were also increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with HBO group, the mice in H89 group had poor learning and memory abilities, lowered nesting scores and decreased number of Nissl bodies. Futhermore, the relative mRNA expression of CREB and BDNF, and the protein levels of SYN, PSD95, GAP43, p-CREB and BDNF were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION HBO improves the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 TG mice, and its mechanism may be related to activating the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway to reduce synaptic damage of hippocampal neurons in mice.     

Advance in study of batokines

Brown adipose tissue is a type of adipose tissue and is present in all mammals. It is not only the main site for adaptive thermogenesis in vivo, but also secretes and releases many cytokines in the form of endocrine to regulate a variety of metabolic processes and prevent and treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Therefore, identification of the types and effects of brown adipocytokines (batokines) may be crucial for the treatment of a variety of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Based on the latest research progress, batokines and their functions are reviewed.     

芜菁Br14-3-3的克隆及其在非生物胁迫下的表达分析

克隆了‘津田芜菁’（Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera‘Tsuda’）通用调节因子14-3-3基因cDNA序列，命名为Br14-3-3（GenBank登录号为MK896872）。该基因全长1 113 bp，开放阅读框全长774 bp，编码含有257个氨基酸的多肽。荧光定量PCR分析Br14-3-3在‘津田芜菁’不同组织中及其在温度、脱水、渗透、ABA和无机盐等非生物胁迫下幼苗中的表达，结果表明该基因在‘津田芜菁’的花中表达量最高，幼苗中次之；低温抑制了Br14-3-3的表达，其他非生物胁迫可诱导该基因表达，暗示Br14-3-3在非生物胁迫应答中发挥功能。     

绒毛白蜡新品种‘盐蜡’

盐蜡是绒毛白蜡雄株新品种。干形较直，当年生枝夏季表皮紫灰色，叶片近革质、微有光泽。速生，适应性强，耐盐性强，是开发利用盐碱地的先锋树种。     

基于改进耦合协调模型的山东省农文旅产业协调发展研究

随着乡村振兴战略的逐步深入，“农业+文创+旅游”的发展模式备受关注，同时文旅部的成立更是极大地推动了区域产业的高质量提升。在此背景下，构建了农文旅3产业融合发展的评价指标体系，并改进传统的耦合协调模型应用到山东省农文旅产业协调发展的实证评价中，从时间维度和空间维度分别对山东省17地市农文旅产业协调发展水平及演进进行研究，并对“两圈四区”格局下不同区域农文旅产业的协调发展情况进行探讨。结果表明:山东省农文旅各产业综合发展态势良好，耦合协调度水平稳步提升；各地市及“两圈四区”各区域农文旅产业耦合协调水平存在较大的差距，但呈缩小趋势，协调发展态势良好。      

园林景观设计在城市开发中的应用策略研究

城市作为人类社会发展到高级阶段的产物,其出现的最终目的是提供复合式宜居环境,满足新时代人们对美好生活的向往.然而,随着城市化进程的加快,如何更加科学、合理地进行城市开发,解决"城市病",已成为目前急需解决的问题.该文在系统概述园林景观和城市开发等基本理论的基础上,分析了园林设计环节在城市开发中的作用,从不同角度梳理了当前我国城市开发建设中存在的问题,由此提出了园林景观设计在城市开发中的应用策略,以期为规划设计与城市开发的应用研究提供参考.     

长江三角洲地区11个县（市、区）城市道路林带降噪能力及其影响因素

  目的  城市交通噪声对城市居民生活品质的影响日益严重，城市道路林带在衰减交通噪声方面优势明显。合理选取城市绿化带降噪能力衡量指标，使城市绿化带建设能够达到最优降噪效果。  方法  选取长江三角洲地区4条纬度带上11个县（市、区）交通主干道的道路林带作为研究对象，引入三维绿量作为衡量林带降噪能力的指标，结合不同类型林带的占比、三维绿量值以及三维绿量值与乔木及乔木混交林枝下高，综合对比分析林带降噪效果，进行初步评估。  结果  11个县（市、区）中南京玄武区、镇江润州区交通干道道路林带的降噪效果更优，连云港连云区、丽水庆元县的交通干道道路林带的降噪效果较差。具有合理配置的乔灌混交林更利于降噪，由模拟模型计算得到的11个县（市、区）的附加降噪量与统计获得的三维绿量之间呈正相关关系。  结论  林带三维绿量结合乔木枝下高这一参数综合分析认为:枝下高低于2 m的林带降噪效果更佳。     

不同架式栽培对台农1号百香果果实品质 和产量的影响

[目的]探究不同架式栽培对台农1号百香果果实品质和产量的影响,为筛选适宜台农1号百香果的架式模式提供参考依据.[方法]采用酸碱滴定、2,6-二氯靛酚滴定和蒽酮比色等方法对7种不同架式下台农1号百香果的果实品质进行对比研究,分析果实单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数、果皮厚度、可食率、种子数、果皮明度值(L*)、红绿值(a*)和黄蓝值(b*)等外观指标,及可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、Vc、糖酸比和固酸比等内在生理指标,产量取高、中、低小区平均值,并对指标进行方差分析和主成分分析.[结果]不同架式栽培下台农1号百香果的单果重、果实纵径和横径、果形指数、可食率及果皮厚度均差异不显著(P>0.05);其中,果形指数在1.08~1.10,近圆形;Y形架栽培的果皮L*、a*和b*值较其他架式高,分别为30.36、17.65和5.89;V形架栽培的可食率最高,达47.03%,果皮最薄,为0.54 cm;A形架的种子数明显低于其他架式;双层架和篱壁架的产量显著高于其他架式栽培(P<0.05,下同),不同架式产量排序为双层架>篱壁架>T形架>V形架>Y形架>棚架>A形架.不同架式栽培的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、糖酸比及固酸比等内在品质指标均表现出一定的差异性.其中,A形架的果实可滴定酸含量显著高于其他架式;Y形架果实糖酸比和可溶性总糖含量显著高于其他架式;棚架的固酸比和Vc含量显著高于其他架式;篱壁架的果实可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他架式.主成分分析将所检测的17个指标综合为5个特征根大于1的主成分,累计解释方差为94.965%,能代表原17个指标性状的绝大部分信息,不同架式因子得分排序为V形架>Y形架>篱壁架>A形架>双层架>T型架>棚架.[结论]台农1号百香果适应性强,篱壁架的栽培模式简单易操作.根据贵州省地形、环境条件、架材和生产成本,因地制宜种植台农1号,并配套篱壁架栽培技术的管理,对推动贵州百香果产业跨越式发展具有重要意义.     

干旱区平原水库坝后排水沟对下游农田土壤水盐运移的影响

干旱区平原水库的渗漏会抬高坝后农田地下水位,使土壤发生盐渍化,许多土地因此减产甚至弃耕。坝后设置排水沟是一种有效控制农田地下水位的措施。本研究采用排水沟调控坝后农田的地下水位,并利用HYDRUS模拟出在不同地下水位和深度的条件下土壤含水率与含盐量的变化情况,将实测数据与模拟数据相互对比,检验出模拟值的可靠度。研究结果表明:地下水位通过排水沟从1 m降到3 m,表层含盐量相差1.49～33.19 g·L~(-1),因此排水沟遏制地下水位越深,水盐运移越不明显,次生盐渍化越不容易发生,反之,则容易发生土壤盐渍化;地下水位相同时,土体种植植物可以降低含水率和含盐量,其中含水率最大变化为6.33%,含盐量仅相差0.08～4.56 g·L~(-1)左右,而且随着土层深度增加其影响的程度也逐渐减小。设置排水沟是解决坝后农田土壤盐渍化的较好方式。